Glukagonliknande peptid -1 (GLP-1) är en hjärna tarm peptider utsöndring ileala endokrina celler, för närvarande främst som mål för typ 2 diabetes läkemedelsverkan. Eftersom GLP-1 kan minska hämningen av magtömningen, tarmperistaltiken, hjälper alltså till att kontrollera matintaget, viktminskning. Prospektiv placebo i 19 fall av överviktiga patienter under kontroll, slumpmässig, dubbelblind, crossover-försök, GLP-1 subkutan injektion kan öka patienterna med postprandial mättnad, och göra varje måltid diet vikt genomsnittlig minskning av 15%. Men eftersom GLP-1 är en polypeptid, inte kan administreras oralt är en stor brist.
GLP-1 består av proglukagon-genexpression i pankreatiska alfaceller, the main product, expression of proglucagon gene is glucagon, and in the intestinal mucosa of L cells, prohormone converting enzyme (PC1) the proglucagon peptide sequence in the carboxyl end shear, dvs. GLP-1. GLP-1 has 2 kinds of biological active forms, respectively GLP-1 (7-37) and GLP-1 (7-36) amid, both of which only one amino acid sequences different, cyclic activated about 80% GLP-1 from the GLP-1 (7-36 [1,2]) amid.
Effect of GLP-1 GLP-1 can protect beta cells can act on the pancreatic beta cells, promote the synthesis of insulin, insulin gene transcription and secretion and can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of islet beta cells, inhibit the apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells, increase the number of beta cell of islet [2-5]. Dessutom, GLP-1 also can be applied to the pancreatic alpha cells, strongly inhibit the release of glucagon, and act on the islet delta cells, promote the secretion of somatostatin, somatostatin cells and can be used as a paracrine hormone involved in the inhibition of glucagon.
GLP-1 with glucose concentration dependent hypoglycemic effect, dvs. only rise in glucose levels under the condition of GLP-1, only play a hypoglycemic effect, but in normal blood sugar levels, caused no further decrease. The glucose concentration dependence of the GLP-1 is its hypoglycemic properties of clinical application safety of foundation and security, thereby avoiding people may cause severe hypoglycemia in patients with existing drug treatment for diabetes and scheme of worry.
Dessutom, GLP-1 also has many other biological characteristics and functions, till exempel, GLP-1 might play a lipid-lowering, antihypertensive effect, so as to have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system; det kan också genom att verka på central förstärkningsinlärning och minnesfunktion, skydda nerven.
