Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) is a novel medication indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Tirzepatide is a dual receptor agonist, acting on glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) to lower blood glucose levels.
Tirzepatide is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 agonist that has been studied recently as a treatment for patients with noncirrhotic NASH (SYNERGY-NASH, NCT04166773) given its association with significant weight loss and improvement in features of metabolic syndrome in diabetes trials.
The addition of GIP which anatagonizes the central effects of GLP-1 to cause nausea is designed to improve tolerability and also allow for more aggressive dosing with increased systemic exposure. A recent post-hoc analysis showed significantly decreased NASH-related biomarkers and increased adiponectin in patients with T2DM
The weight-reducing actions of the GIPR-GLP1R co-agonist tirzepatide.Considerable interest is focused on the mechanisms of action of tirzepatide, a highly effective GIPR-GLP1R co-agonist that produces superior reductions in HbA1c and body weight, relative to that achieved with 1 mg once weekly of semaglutide in people with T2D. The GIPR is expressed in multiple regions of the mouse and human brain, in subsets of neurons and glial cells, with some hypothalamic and hindbrain cells exhibiting co-expression of the GIPR and GLP1R. Chemogenetic activation of GIPR + cells in the mouse hypothalamus acutely reduced food intake; imidlertid, co-administration of exendin-4 did not produce an additive reduction of food intake when compared to either intervention alone.
Therapy with tirzepatide, 5–15 mg once weekly produces 8–12% body weight reduction in people with T2D, prompting ongoing development of tirzepatide as a weight loss agent for people with overweight or obesity. Betydningen av GIP for vekttapsegenskapene til tirzepatid hos mennesker er usikker; imidlertid, tirzepatid klarte ikke å redusere kroppsvekten i Glp1r−/- mus, som impliserer en dominerende rolle for GLP1R i vekttapet observert med dette middelet. Glukoseavhengig insulinotropisk polypeptid (GIP) har vist seg å redusere omfanget av aversive responser indusert av GLP-1 hos mus og rotter og redusere kvalme og oppkast hos spissmusen.
